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Our team undertakes research on ecological and evolutionary dynamics. We primarily use field data and experiments to explore links between biodiversity and environmental change. We also build models to forecast changes in animal and plant populations, which in turn help us develop strategies to conserve biodiversity. Increasingly, we’re integrating data and models using participatory approaches (such as scenario planning) that involve policy makers from the get-go.

The group is led by Associate Professor Luke Kelly at the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne. We focus on four main areas of research:

Plant evolution and global change. We work in Mediterranean-type ecosystems in Australia and Spain to determine whether plant populations can successfully evolve through key traits to keep up with the rate of environmental change. Recently we have started to incorporate genetics and glasshouse experiments into our work on contemporary evolution, climate change and novel fire regimes.
Fire ecology and management. A common goal of fire management is to avoid population extinctions due to inappropriate fire regimes. Our work on this front aims to determine what mix of fire-driven variation (pyrodiversity) will promote biodiversity, and how desirable levels of pyrodiversity can be achieved over time.
Animal ecology. We undertake field studies of fascinating mammals, birds and reptiles in southern Australia. Through learning about animals we develop and test ecological theory (about animal succession, environmental heterogeneity and edge effects) and do practical things like identify critical habitat and determine the best way to manage invasive predators.
Conservation decision making. Making conservation decisions is hard because ecosystems are complex and there are a range of social and environmental values in play. We support conservation decisions by developing approaches for monitoring biodiversity and exploring how different management strategies perform under possible futures. More and more we find that co-designing scenarios with policy makers, land managers and people affected by decisions leads to better conservation outcomes.

If you’d like to join us or visit us then check out the opportunities page. You can also seek out and follow our individual team members on a variety of social media – including Twitter, Instagram and Mastodon – to keep up with our latest work in the field and lab.

Associate Professor Luke Kelly

Email: ltkelly@unimelb.edu.au

Luke is an Associate Professor in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences at the University of Melbourne. He enjoys contributing solutions to global conservation problems. His research interests are in ecology and evolution, biodiversity conservation and environmental decision making. Much of his work is focused on understanding animal and plant responses to fire, landscape modification and climate change. This includes doing a mix of field experiments, ecological modelling and scenario analysis.

Dr Michelle Gibson

Email: michelle.gibson@unimelb.edu.au

Michelle is a Research Fellow in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences. Originally from California, she has worked in Mediterranean ecosystems in the southwest U.S.A. and South Africa’s Cape region conducting research on invasive plants, pollination, and human disturbances on bird communities. Her work in Australia has involved desert bird ecology and measuring effectiveness of restoration actions for Australian woodland birds. She is interested in understanding ecological disturbances and how to conserve and manage resilient ecosystems into the future. Her current research examines the effects of bushfires and planned burning on ecosystem resilience with a focus on avifauna monitoring across diverse ecosystems in Victoria. This project includes working closely with the Victorian Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and Natural Hazards Research Australia.

Julianna Santos

Email: santos.j@unimelb.edu.au

Julianna completed her PhD in 2024 at the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences. She comes from Brazil, where she studied the ecology and conservation of Neotropical mammals, including the population dynamics and diet of wild cats and several invasive species. Her PhD was on the ecology, genetic diversity and population dynamics of small mammals in fire-prone landscapes in southern Australia. Julianna is now a postdoc in the Quantitative and Applied Ecology Group, at University of Melbourne, working on methods to support the implementation of the Red List of Ecosystems and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Eliza Thompson

Email: elizat2@student.unimelb.edu.au

Eliza is a PhD candidate in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences. Her research explores alternative management options to increase the number and diversity of insectivorous birds within forestry plantations and mixed-use landscapes. In partnership with PF Olsen and BirdLife Australia, Eliza is developing field experiments to investigate the benefits of bird diversity in providing pest control and the biodiversity values of commercial forestry plantations. Eliza is also passionate about science communication; you can find her on Twitter (@ElizaKThompson) and Instagram (@elizathompson98).

Takuya Nomura

Email: tnomura@student.unimelb.edu.au

Takuya is undertaking a Master of Ecosystem Management and Conservation in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences. He has about 10 years of experience as a consultant in forest management and environmental conservation, with much of that work focused in Asia and including Vietnam, Indonesia and India. His research focuses on developing and comparing ecosystem and biodiversity metrics to assist the private sector in evaluating their ecological footprint, through a case study in South Africa. Takuya is supervised by Prof Emily Nicholson and A/Prof Luke Kelly.

Amanda Lo Cascio

Email: amanda.lo@student.unimelb.edu.au

Amanda completed her PhD in 2024 in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences. Her research focused on the distribution and ecology of microbats in stringy-bark woodlands of Victoria. Amanda used a combination of field surveys and genomic techniques to explore the responses of microbats to landscape connectivity, fire regimes and other environmental gradients. Amanda is now a postdoc at Deakin University where she is expanding her research on wildlife ecology and spatial modelling.

Jeremy Johnson

Email: jeremyj2@student.unimelb.edu.au

Jeremy is a PhD student in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences. He is proud of his heritage with the Darug people of the Sydney region and currently lives on Wurundjeri Country. Started in 2020, his PhD focuses on how mammals respond to alternative silvicultural systems in the Central Highlands of Victoria. The aim of Jeremy’s work is to promote biodiversity through forest management activities.

Alyssa Brand

Email: ahbrand@student.unimelb.edu.au

Alyssa is currently completing her undergraduate degree, majoring in Ecology, at the University of Melbourne. She is a Research Assistant in the Biodynamos and, in 2024, completed an internship with the group examining rainfall patterns in semi-arid Australia. Alyssa is interested in the fire ecology of mammals and birds, and hopes to pursue these topics in future studies.

Sam Girvan

Email: sgirvan@student.unimelb.edu.au

Sam is a PhD candidate investigating how human pressures combine to threaten native mammals in southern Australia. She is particularly interested in how habitat refuges can buffer mammal populations from modified patterns of fires, climate and invasive predators. Sam will be using a mix of field studies, manipulative experiments and spatial modelling as part of her PhD research.

Emily Grining

Email: egrining@student.unimelb.edu.au

Emily is an honours student in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences. She is investigating the ecology of mammals including agile antechinus, eastern pygmy-possum and bush rat in the heathy dry forests of western Victoria. Emily is particularly interested in exploring methods for detecting and monitoring small mammals, and the role of different survey techniques in building knowledge of mammal distributions in areas that experience bushfires and planned burns. She is proud of her heritage as a Palawa woman and currently lives on Wurundjeri Country.

RESEARCH ASSOCIATES AND RECENT GRADUATES

Ella Plumanns Pouton

Email: e.plumanns@creaf.cat

Ella completed her PhD in 2024 on the impacts of fire regimes, climate, and other environmental drivers on plant diversity in temperate heathlands. She used a combination of field work, glasshouse studies and modelling to disentangle the effects of these drivers and their interactions. Ella is now a postdoc at the Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF) in Spain, where she is working on the impact of “rewilding” in achieving the European Union’s biodiversity and climate goals.

Dr Kate Giljohann

Kate was a Research Fellow at The University of Melbourne from 2017-2022 – and now works at CSIRO Land and Water. She is particularly interested in plants, conservation and the ecology of disturbances. Her research encompasses population, community and landscape-level analyses, with a focus on assisting environmental management. In collaboration with the Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Kate developed a suite of models to enhance the evaluation of alternative fire management strategies for biodiversity.

Dr Katharine Senior

Kate was a Research Fellow in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences – and now works as an infectious disease modeller at the Telethon Kids Institute. She is interested in how plants in different ecosystems respond to bushfires and planned burning. Kate completed her PhD as part of the Spatial Solutions Fire Ecology Project, with a focus on using field experiments and models to understanding the impacts of fire on mammals and reptiles in the Murray Mallee region of southern Australia.

Dr Fred Rainsford

Fred is a Research Fellow at La Trobe University, Research Centre for Future Landscapes, and a member of the Spatial Solutions Fire Ecology Project (a collaboration between University of Melbourne and La Trobe University). He is particularly interested in the ecology and conservation of birds. He recently completed his PhD on how fire shapes bird and plant communities in a range of fire-prone ecosystems. His current research focuses on the drivers of bird diversity in agricultural landscapes and woodland ecosystems. This work aims to link farm-scale bird diversity with on-farm natural capital and to develop tools that will lead to more sustainable agricultural practices.

Lily Wheeler

Lily completed her Master of Science (Ecosystem Science) within the School of Ecosystem and Forest Science in 2020 – and his since taken up a PhD in the School. Her research interest is in biodiversity conservation, with a focus on mammal species. In her Masters research Lily investigated how landscape properties shape native small mammal distributions in western Victoria. Her project focused on fire and vegetation properties and Lily hopes to aid biodiversity conservation by better understanding the ecology of common and threatened species.

Isaac Kreger

Isaac completed his Masters of Philosophy (Science) in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences in 2021. He now works in ecosystem restoration in California, USA. Isaac studied how plant traits, such as bark, influence mortality and survival during and after fire. He used plant traits to predict vegetation response to fire and to understand how trees survive in semi-arid landscapes.

Journal Articles

Plumanns-Pouton, E., Kasel, S., Penman, T., Swan, M., Kelly, L.T. (2024) Soil seedbanks are shaped by the timing of fires in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem. Journal of Applied Ecology. Full text

Plumanns-Pouton, E., Swan, M., Penman, T., Kelly, L.T. (2024) How do intervals between fires influence canopy seed production and viability? Functional Ecology. Full text

Plumanns-Pouton, E., Swan, M., Penman, T., Kelly, L.T. (2024) Using plant functional types to predict the influence of fire on species relative abundance. Biological Conservation. Full text

Thompson, E.K., Keenan, R.J., Kelly, L.T. (2023) The use of nest boxes to support bird conservation in commercially managed forests: A systematic review. Forest Ecology and Management. 550: 121504. Full text.

Rainsford, F.W., Giljohann, K.M., Bennett, A.F., Clarke, M.F., MacHunter, J., Senior, K., Sitters, H., Watson, S., Kelly, L.T. (2023) Ecosystem type and species’ traits help explain bird responses to spatial patterns of fire. Fire Ecology. 19 (59). Full text.

Kelly, L.T., Fletcher, M.S., Oliveras Menor, I., Pellegrini, A., Plumanns-Pouton, E., Pons, P., Williamson, G.J., Bowman, D.M.J.S. (2023) Understanding fire regimes for a better Anthropocene. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. PDF

Plumanns-Pouton, E., Swan, M., Penman, T., Collins, L., Kelly, L.T. (2023) Time since fire shapes plant immaturity risk across fire severity classes. Fire Ecology. 19 (25). Full text.

Senior, K.L., Giljohann, K.M., McCarthy, M.A., Kelly, L.T. (2022). A field test of mechanisms underpinning animal diversity in recently burned landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology. DOI:10.1111/1365-2664.14315 Full text.

Santos, J.L., Hradsky, B.A., Keith, D.A., Rowe, K., Senior, K.L., Sitters, H., Kelly, L.T. (2022). Beyond inappropriate fire regimes: a synthesis of fire-driven declines of threatened mammals in Australia. Conservation Letters. Full text

Santos, J.L., Sitters, H., Keith, D.A., Geary, W.L., Tingley, R., Kelly, L.T. (2022). A demographic framework for understanding fire-driven reptile declines in the ‘land of the lizards’. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Full text

Linley, G.D., Jolly, C.J., Doherty, T.S., Geary, W.L., Armenteras, D., Belcher, C.M., Bliege Bird, R., Duane, A., Fletcher, M.S., Giorgis, M.A., Haslem, A., Jones, G.M., Kelly, L.T., Lee, C.K.F., Nolan, R.H., Parr, C.L., Pausas, J.G., Price, J., Regos, A., Ritchie, E.G., Ruffault, J., Williamson, G.J., Wu, Q., Nimmo, D.G. (2022). What do you mean, ‘megafire’?. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Full text

Rainsford, F. W., Kelly, L. T., Leonard, S. W., & Bennett, A. F. (2022). Fire and functional traits: Using functional groups of birds and plants to guide management in a fire‐prone, heathy woodland ecosystem. Diversity and Distributions, 28, 372-385. Abstract

Rainsford, F. W., Kelly, L. T., Leonard, S. W., & Bennett, A. F. (2021). Post-fire habitat relationships for birds differ among ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 260, 109218. Abstract

Senior, K.L., Giljohann, K.M., McCarthy, M.A., Rainsford, F.W., Kelly, L.T. (2021) Predicting mammal responses to pyrodiversity: From microbats to macropods. Biological Conservation 256, 109031, Full text

Clarke, M.F., Kelly, L.T., Avitabile, S.C., Benshemesh, J., Callister, K.E., Driscoll, D.A., Ewin, P., Giljohann, K., Haslem, A., Kenny, S.A. and Leonard, S., Ritchie, E.G., Nimmo, D.G., Schedvin, N., Schneider, K., Watson, S.J., Westbrooke, M., White, M., Wouters, M.A. and Bennett, A.F. 2021. Fire and Its Interactions With Other Drivers Shape a Distinctive, Semi-Arid ‘Mallee’ Ecosystem. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. D0I:10.3389/fevo.2021.647557 Full text

Rainsford, F.W., Kelly, L.T., Leonard, S.W.J., Bennett, A.F. (2021) How does prescribed fire shape bird and plant communities in a temperate dry forest ecosystem? Ecological Applications, e2308, Abstract

Driscoll, D.A., Armenteras, D., Bennett, A.F., Brotons, L., Clarke, M.F., Doherty, T.S., Haslem, A., Kelly, L.T., Sato, C.F., Sitters, H. and Aquilué, N., Bell, K., Chadid, M., Duane, A., Meza‐Elizalde, M.C., Giljohann, K.M., González, T.M., Jambhekar, R., Lazzari, J., Morán‐Ordóñez, A., Wevill, T. (2021). How fire interacts with habitat loss and fragmentation. Biological Reviews, doi.org/10.1111/brv.12687, Abstract

Kelly, L.T., Giljohann, K.M., Duane, A., Aquilué, N., Archibald, S., Batllori, E., Bennett, A.F., Buckland, S.T., Canelles, Q., Clarke, M.F., Fortin, M. Hermoso, V., Herrando, S., Keane, R.E., Lake, F.K., McCarthy, M.A., Morán-Ordóñez, A., Parr, C.L., Pausas, J.G., Penman, T.D., Regos, A., Rumpff, L., Santos, J.L., Smith, A.L., Syphard, A.D., Tingley, M.W., Brotons, L. (2020) Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Science, 370, eabb0355 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb0355. PDF

Reprint: https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/2Y00Cp8AxKsn50opGIYl0j4?domain=science.sciencemag.org

Full text: https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/Tej-Cq7By5s89yNJDcEwdPj?domain=science.sciencemag.org

Senior, K.L., Ramsauer, J., McCarthy, M.A., Kelly, L.T. (2020) The influence of weather and moon phase on small mammal activity. Australian Mammalogy. Abstract

Rainsford, F., Kelly, L.T., Leonard, S., Bennett, A.F. (2020). Post-fire development of faunal habitat depends on plant regeneration traits. Austral Ecology. Abstract.

Watermeyer, K.E., Guillera‐Arroita, G., Bal, P., Burgass, M.J., Bland, L.M., Collen, B., Hallam, C., Kelly, L.T., McCarthy, M.A., Regan, T.R., Stevenson, S., Wintle, B.A., Nicholson, E. Using decision science to evaluate global biodiversity indices. (2020) Conservation Biology. Abstract.

Hradsky, B.A., Kelly, L.T., Robley, A.L., Wintle, B.A. (2019) FoxNet: an individual-based modelling framework to support red fox management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56, 1460-1470. Abstract

Duane, A., Kelly, L.T., Giljohann, K.G., Batllori, E., McCarthy, M., Brotons, L. (2019) Disentangling the influence of past fires on subsequent fires in Mediterranean landscapes. Ecosystems. Full text

Nimmo, D., Avitabile, S., Banks, S., Bliege-Bird, R., Callister, K., Clarke, M., Dickman, C., Doherty, T., Driscoll, D., Greenville, A., Haslem, A., Kelly, L.T., Kenny, S., Lahoz-Monfort, J., Lee, C., Leonard, S., Moore, H., Newsome, T., Parr, C., Ritchie, E., Schneide, K., Turner, J., Westbrooke, M., White, M., Wouters, M., Bennett, A. (2019) Animal movements in fire-prone landscapes. Biological Reviews doi:10.1111/brv.12486 Abstract

Pollock, L.J., Kelly, L.T., Thomas, F.M., Soe, P., Morris, W.K., White, M. Vesk, P.A (2018) Combining functional traits, the environment, and multiple surveys to understand semi-arid tree distributions. Journal of Vegetation Science, 29, 967-977. Abstract

Kelly, L.T., Brotons, L., Giljohann, K.M., McCarthy, M.A., Pausas, J.G. & Smith, A.L. (2018) Bridging the divide: integrating animal and plant paradigms to secure the future of biodiversity in fire-prone ecosystems. Fire doi: 10.3390/fire1020029 PDF

Kelly, L.T., Haslem, A., Murphy, B (2018) Managing fire for plant and animal conservation. Austral Ecology doi:10.1111/aec.12604 PDF

Giljohann, K.M., Kelly, L.T., Connell, J., Clarke, M., Clarke, R., Regan, T., McCarthy, M (2018) Assessing the sensitivity of biodiversity indices used to inform fire management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55, 461-471. Abstract

Kelly, L.T., Brotons, L (2017) Using fire to promote biodiversity. Science, 355, 1264-1265. PDF

Kelly, L.T., Haslem, A., Holland, G.J., Leonard, S., MacHunter, J., Bassett, M., Bennett, A.F., Bruce, Chia, E., Christie, F., Clarke, M., Di Stefano, J., Loyn, R., McCarthy, M., Pung, A., Robinson, N., Sitters, H., Swan, M., York, A (2017) Fire regimes and environmental gradients shape vertebrate and plant distributions in temperate eucalypt forests. Ecosphere 8, e01781. Full text

Kelly, L.T., Haslem, A., Holland, G.J., Leonard, S., MacHunter, J., Bassett, M., Bennett, A.F., Bruce, Chia, E., Christie, F., Clarke, M., Di Stefano, J., Loyn, R., McCarthy, M., Pung, A., Robinson, N., Sitters, H., Swan, M., York, A (2017) Fire regimes and environmental gradients shape bird, mammal and plant distributions in temperate eucalypt forests. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. DOI:10.1002/bes2.1322 Full text

Kelly, L.T., Brotons, L., & McCarthy, M.A (2017) Putting pyrodiversity to work for animal conservation. Conservation Biology, 31, 952-955 PDF

Fardila, D., Kelly, L.T., Moore, J.L., & McCarthy, M.A. (2017) A systematic review reveals changes in where and how we have studied habitat loss and fragmentation over 20 years. Biological Conservation, 212,Part A, 130-138. Abstract

Giljohann, K.M., McCarthy, M.A., Keith, D.A., Kelly, L.T., Tozer, M.G., Regan, T.J (2017) Interactions between rainfall, fire and herbivory drive resprouter vital rates in a semi-arid ecosystem. Journal of Ecology DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12768 Abstract

Volunteers

We have a plethora of opportunities in 2024 for volunteers to learn new skills and visit amazing places.

New and ongoing fieldwork includes:

Plant surveys and measurement of fire-related traits as part of large-scale biodiversity monitoring.
Mammal surveys in fire-prone heathlands, forests and woodlands across southeastern Australia.

Get in touch with Luke Kelly directly for specific details and dates.

Students

There are a range of options for students to start doing research with us at the University of Melbourne including: a Bachelor of Science (Degree with Honours) (a one-year program for students who have achieved academic excellence and wish to build upon their undergraduate degree), a Master of Ecosystem Management and Conservation (a two-year program of coursework that can include a research project), a Master of Philosophy (Science) (a two-year program working on a research project), and a Doctor of Philosophy (Science) (a four-year PhD program). A range of scholarships are available from the University, and we regularly host interns from international institutions.

Undergraduate students at the University of Melbourne have the opportunity to enrol in one of the subjects that Luke Kelly coordinates – including Fire in the Australian Landscape (FRST20015) – and Masters students can enrol in Assessing Ecosystems and Their Values (ENST90044).

Early Career Researchers

A range of grants are available for early career researchers at University of Melbourne including McKenzie Postdoctoral Research Fellowships. The School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences is also keen to support applications for Discovery Early Career Researcher Awards (DECRA).

Visitors

Visitors are always welcome. We’re based in Biosciences 1 (Building 123) at Parkville, University of Melbourne. We run a weekly lab meeting on Tuesday mornings that we encourage visitors to attend. For longer visits, we can point you to some schemes for visiting fellowships. Please contact Luke Kelly directly if you’re interested in visiting us.

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