Our team undertakes research on ecological and evolutionary dynamics. We primarily use field data and experiments to explore links between biodiversity and environmental change. We also build models to forecast changes in animal and plant populations, which in turn help us develop strategies to conserve biodiversity. Increasingly, we’re integrating data and models using participatory approaches (such as scenario planning) that involve policy makers from the get-go.

The group is led by Luke Kelly at the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne. We focus on four main areas of research:

• Plant evolution and global change. We work in Mediterranean-type ecosystems in Australia and Spain to determine whether plant populations can successfully evolve through key traits to keep up with the rate of environmental change. Recently we have been incorporating genomics and glasshouse experiments into our work on rapid evolution, climate change and novel fire regimes.
• Fire ecology and management. A common goal of fire management is to avoid population extinctions due to inappropriate fire regimes. Our work on this front aims to determine what mix of fire-driven variation (pyrodiversity) will promote biodiversity, and how desirable levels of pyrodiversity can be achieved over time.
• Animal ecology. We undertake field studies of fascinating mammals, birds and reptiles in southern Australia. Through learning about animals we develop and test ecological theory (about animal succession, environmental heterogeneity and edge effects) and do practical things like identify critical habitat and determine the best way to manage invasive predators.
• Conservation decision making. Making conservation decisions is hard because ecosystems are complex and there are a range of social and environmental values in play. We support conservation decisions by developing approaches for monitoring biodiversity and exploring how different management strategies perform under possible futures. More and more we find that co-designing scenarios with policy makers, land managers and people affected by decisions leads to better conservation outcomes.

If you’d like to join us or visit us then check out the opportunities page. You can also follow our group on Instagram, and individual team members on Twitter, to keep up with our latest work in the field and lab.

• Fire-related reptile declines in the ‘land of the lizards’

  Julianna Santos has a new paper on fire-driven reptile declines in Australia – published in Global Ecology and Biogeography. Julianna and colleagues completed a systematic review to identify fire characteristics and interacting threats associated with population declines in imperiled Australian squamates. The work was a collaboration between scientists from University of Melbourne, University of New South Wales, Department of Environment, Land, Water …

  13 May, 2022
• Protecting threatened species in a new era of fire

  Luke Kelly, Tim Curran (Lincoln University) and Sophie Wilkinson (McMaster University) have a new article on fire and biodiversity, published through 360info. They write: 'Some plants and animals love fire. Others do not. Science will help figure out which areas to burn, which to hose and how to create resilient ecosystems.' The article brings together exciting research on fire-resistant mosses, green firebreaks, …

  1 March, 2022
• The case for an Australian climate accord

  Ella Plumanns Pouton and colleagues have a new article in Pursuit on the need for national leadership on climate policy. They write: 'Australia lacks national leadership on climate policy, but an Australian Climate Accord could foster agreement on reducing emissions while improving Australia’s living standards'. Check out the full article here: The case for an Australian climate accord.

  27 October, 2021
• Soil seedbank diversity and variation in fires

  This week Ella Plumanns Pouton presented her ongoing work on soil seedbanks at the Australasian Seed Science Conference. Check out Ella's speed talk on 'Soil seedbank diversity under variation in fire regimes in a temperate heathland' below. And congratulations to Ella for winning the ECR prize for best three-minute presentation at the Conference!

  10 September, 2021
• Prescribed fire and forest biodiversity

  Fred Rainsford and team have a new paper on prescribed fire and forest biodiversity. Out now in Ecological Applications. Fred used a field study to examine the effects of prescribed fire on birds and plants across a 36-year post‐fire chronosequence in a temperate dry forest ecosystem in south‐eastern Australia. So, how does prescribed fire influence individual species, functional groups of species, and …

  8 March, 2021
• Predicting mammal responses to pyrodiversity

  Kate Senior has a new paper on pyrodiversity and mammals – published in Biological Conservation. Kate and colleagues modelled and mapped the response of mammals - from big to small and volant to non-volant - to pyrodiversity and other environmental gradients in woodlands of semi-arid Australia. The region is home to a diverse mammal fauna including small insectivorous marsupials (dasyurids), nectarivorous pygmy-possums …

  8 March, 2021
• A new piece in The Conversation

  Luke, Kate and colleagues have a new article in The Conversation about their paper in Science. Check out the article here: Humans are changing fire patterns, and it’s threatening 4,403 species with extinction. And download a full copy of the Science paper from our publications page.  

  30 November, 2020
• Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene – out now in Science

  Luke, Kate, Julianna and 27 colleagues from around the world have a new paper on 'Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene' - published in Science. We explored the causes and consequences of fire-induced changes to biodiversity in the Anthropocene, the current era characterized by the prominent role of human activity in shaping global ecosystems. We start by synthesizing how changes in …

  30 November, 2020

Dr Luke Kelly

Email: ltkelly@unimelb.edu.au

Luke is a Senior Lecturer in Ecology in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences at the University of Melbourne. He enjoys contributing solutions to global conservation problems. His research interests are in ecology and evolution, biodiversity conservation and environmental decision making. Much of his work is focused on understanding animal and plant responses to fire, landscape modification and climate change. This includes doing a mix of field experiments, ecological modelling and scenario analysis.

Dr Michelle Gibson

Email: michelle.gibson@unimelb.edu.au

Michelle is a Research Fellow in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. Originally from California, she has worked in Mediterranean ecosystems in the southwest U.S.A. and South Africa’s Cape region conducting research on invasive plants, pollination, and human disturbances on bird communities. Her work in Australia has involved desert bird ecology and measuring effectiveness of restoration actions for Australian woodland birds. She is interested in understanding ecological disturbances and how to conserve and manage resilient ecosystems into the future. Her current research examines the effects of bushfires and planned burning on ecosystem resilience with a focus on avifauna monitoring across diverse ecosystems in Victoria. This project includes working closely with the Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning and the Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre.

Dr Kate Giljohann

Email: kmgi@unimelb.edu.au

Kate is a Research Fellow in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. She is particularly interested in plants, conservation and the ecology of disturbances. Her research encompasses population, community and landscape-level analyses, with a focus on assisting environmental management. In collaboration with the Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Kate is developing a suite of models to enhance the evaluation of alternative fire management strategies for biodiversity.

Julianna Santos

Email: jlsantos@student.unimelb.edu.au

Julianna is a PhD student in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. She comes from Brazil, where she studied the ecology and conservation of Neotropical mammals, including the population dynamics and diet of wild cats and several invasive species. She started her PhD in 2019 and has been investigating movement ecology, genetic diversity and population dynamics of small mammals in fire-prone landscapes in southern Australia.

Dr Katharine Senior

Email: senior.k@unimelb.edu.au

Kate is a Research Fellow in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. She is researching how plants in different ecosystems respond to bushfires and planned burning, as part of a large-scale ecosystem resilience monitoring program funded by the Victorian Government. She completed her PhD as part of the Spatial Solutions Fire Ecology Project, with a focus on using field experiments and models to understanding the impacts of fire on mammals and reptiles in the Murray Mallee region of southern Australia. She aims to conduct applied research informs environmental management and works closely with land managers to achieve this.

Isaac Kreger

Email: ikreger@student.unimelb.edu.au

Isaac is a Masters student in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences who studies how plant traits, such as bark, influence mortality and survival during and after fire. He is using plant traits to predict vegetation response to fire and to understand how trees survive in fire-adapted landscapes. Isaac seeks to understand how populations will persist in a future of increased fire due to climate and human impacts. He will be conducting vegetation surveys in the semi-arid mallee before and after planned burns applied in the Mallee Fire District of Victoria.

Eliza Thompson

Email: elizat2@student.unimelb.edu.au

Eliza is a PhD candidate in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. Her research explores alternative management options to increase the number and diversity of insectivorous birds within forestry plantations and mixed-use landscapes. In partnership with PF Olsen and BirdLife Australia, Eliza is developing field experiments to investigate: the benefits of bird diversity in providing pest control and the biodiversity values of commercial forestry plantations. Eliza is also passionate about science communication; you can find her on Twitter (@ElizaKThompson) and Instagram (@elizathompson98).

Lily Wheeler

Email: lwheeler1@student.unimelb.edu.au

Lily graduated with a Bachelor of Science (Zoology) at the University of Melbourne in 2018. She completed her Master of Science within the School of Ecosystem and Forest Science in 2020. Her research interest is in biodiversity conservation, with a focus on mammal species. In her Masters research Lily investigated how landscape properties shape native small mammal distributions in western Victoria. Her project focused on fire and vegetation properties and Lily hopes to aid biodiversity conservation by better understanding the ecology of common and threatened species.

Dr Fred Rainsford

Email: F.Rainsford@latrobe.edu.au

Fred is a Research Fellow at La Trobe University, Research Centre for Future Landscapes, and a member of the Spatial Solutions Fire Ecology Project (a collaboration between University of Melbourne and La Trobe University). He is particularly interested in the ecology and conservation of birds. He recently completed his PhD on how fire shapes bird and plant communities in a range of fire-prone ecosystems. His current research focuses on the drivers of bird diversity in agricultural landscapes and woodland ecosystems. This work aims to link farm-scale bird diversity with on-farm natural capital and to develop tools that will lead to more sustainable agricultural practices.

Ella Plumanns Pouton

Email: e.plumannspouton@student.unimelb.edu.au

Ella is a PhD candidate investigating the impacts of fire regimes, climate, and other environmental drivers on plant diversity in temperate heathlands. She is using a combination of field work, glasshouse studies and modelling to disentangle the effects of these drivers and their interactions. Ella is also interested in environmental governance and social equity. She is passionate about the connection of research to practice, particularly in the continued improvement of environmental policy and programs.

Amanda Lo Cascio

Email: amanda.lo@student.unimelb.edu.au

Amanda is PhD candidate in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. Her research focuses on the distribution and ecology of microbats in stringy-bark woodlands of Victoria. Amanda is using a combination of field surveys and genomic techniques to explore the responses of microbats to landscape connectivity, fire regimes and other environmental gradients.

Jeremy Johnson

Email: jeremyj2@student.unimelb.edu.au

Jeremy is a PhD student in the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. He is proud of his heritage with the Darug people of the Sydney region and currently lives on Wurundjeri Country. Started in 2020, his PhD focuses on how mammals respond to alternative silvicultural systems in the Central Highlands of Victoria. The aim of Jeremy’s work is to promote biodiversity through forest management activities.

Journal Articles

Santos, J.L., Hradsky, B.A., Keith, D.A., Rowe, K., Senior, K.L., Sitters, H., Kelly, L.T. (2022). Beyond inappropriate fire regimes: a synthesis of fire-driven declines of threatened mammals in Australia. Conservation Letters. Accepted May 2022

Santos, J.L., Sitters, H., Keith, D.A., Geary, W.L., Tingley, R., Kelly, L.T. (2022). A demographic framework for understanding fire-driven reptile declines in the ‘land of the lizards’. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Full text

Linley, G.D., Jolly, C.J., Doherty, T.S., Geary, W.L., Armenteras, D., Belcher, C.M., Bliege Bird, R., Duane, A., Fletcher, M.S., Giorgis, M.A., Haslem, A., Jones, G.M., Kelly, L.T., Lee, C.K.F., Nolan, R.H., Parr, C.L., Pausas, J.G., Price, J., Regos, A., Ritchie, E.G., Ruffault, J., Williamson, G.J., Wu, Q., Nimmo, D.G. (2022). What do you mean, ‘megafire’?. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Full text

Rainsford, F. W., Kelly, L. T., Leonard, S. W., & Bennett, A. F. (2022). Fire and functional traits: Using functional groups of birds and plants to guide management in a fire‐prone, heathy woodland ecosystem. Diversity and Distributions, 28, 372-385. Abstract

Rainsford, F. W., Kelly, L. T., Leonard, S. W., & Bennett, A. F. (2021). Post-fire habitat relationships for birds differ among ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 260, 109218. Abstract

Senior, K.L., Giljohann, K.M., McCarthy, M.A., Rainsford, F.W., Kelly, L.T. (2021) Predicting mammal responses to pyrodiversity: From microbats to macropods. Biological Conservation 256, 109031, Full text

Clarke, M.F., Kelly, L.T., Avitabile, S.C., Benshemesh, J., Callister, K.E., Driscoll, D.A., Ewin, P., Giljohann, K., Haslem, A., Kenny, S.A. and Leonard, S., Ritchie, E.G., Nimmo, D.G., Schedvin, N., Schneider, K., Watson, S.J., Westbrooke, M., White, M., Wouters, M.A. and Bennett, A.F. 2021. Fire and Its Interactions With Other Drivers Shape a Distinctive, Semi-Arid ‘Mallee’ Ecosystem. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. D01: 10.3389/fevo.2021.647557 Full text

Rainsford, F.W., Kelly, L.T., Leonard, S.W.J., Bennett, A.F. (2021) How does prescribed fire shape bird and plant communities in a temperate dry forest ecosystem? Ecological Applications, e2308, Abstract

Driscoll, D.A., Armenteras, D., Bennett, A.F., Brotons, L., Clarke, M.F., Doherty, T.S., Haslem, A., Kelly, L.T., Sato, C.F., Sitters, H. and Aquilué, N., Bell, K., Chadid, M., Duane, A., Meza‐Elizalde, M.C., Giljohann, K.M., González, T.M., Jambhekar, R., Lazzari, J., Morán‐Ordóñez, A., Wevill, T. (2021). How fire interacts with habitat loss and fragmentation. Biological Reviews, doi.org/10.1111/brv.12687, Abstract

Kelly, L.T., Giljohann, K.M., Duane, A., Aquilué, N., Archibald, S., Batllori, E., Bennett, A.F., Buckland, S.T., Canelles, Q., Clarke, M.F., Fortin, M. Hermoso, V., Herrando, S., Keane, R.E., Lake, F.K., McCarthy, M.A., Morán-Ordóñez, A., Parr, C.L., Pausas, J.G., Penman, T.D., Regos, A., Rumpff, L., Santos, J.L., Smith, A.L., Syphard, A.D., Tingley, M.W., Brotons, L. (2020) Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Science, 370, eabb0355 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb0355. PDF

Reprint: https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/2Y00Cp8AxKsn50opGIYl0j4?domain=science.sciencemag.org

Full text: https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/Tej-Cq7By5s89yNJDcEwdPj?domain=science.sciencemag.org

Senior, K.L., Ramsauer, J., McCarthy, M.A., Kelly, L.T. (2020) The influence of weather and moon phase on small mammal activity. Australian Mammalogy. Abstract

Rainsford, F., Kelly, L.T., Leonard, S., Bennett, A.F. (2020). Post-fire development of faunal habitat depends on plant regeneration traits. Austral Ecology. Abstract.

Watermeyer, K.E., Guillera‐Arroita, G., Bal, P., Burgass, M.J., Bland, L.M., Collen, B., Hallam, C., Kelly, L.T., McCarthy, M.A., Regan, T.R., Stevenson, S., Wintle, B.A., Nicholson, E. Using decision science to evaluate global biodiversity indices. (2020) Conservation Biology. Abstract.

Hradsky, B.A., Kelly, L.T., Robley, A.L., Wintle, B.A. (2019) FoxNet: an individual-based modelling framework to support red fox management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56, 1460-1470. Abstract

Duane, A., Kelly, L.T., Giljohann, K.G., Batllori, E., McCarthy, M., Brotons, L. (2019) Disentangling the influence of past fires on subsequent fires in Mediterranean landscapes. Ecosystems. Full text

Nimmo, D., Avitabile, S., Banks, S., Bliege-Bird, R., Callister, K., Clarke, M., Dickman, C., Doherty, T., Driscoll, D., Greenville, A., Haslem, A., Kelly, L.T., Kenny, S., Lahoz-Monfort, J., Lee, C., Leonard, S., Moore, H., Newsome, T., Parr, C., Ritchie, E., Schneide, K., Turner, J., Westbrooke, M., White, M., Wouters, M., Bennett, A. (2019) Animal movements in fire-prone landscapes. Biological Reviews doi:10.1111/brv.12486 Abstract

Pollock, L.J., Kelly, L.T., Thomas, F.M., Soe, P., Morris, W.K., White, M. Vesk, P.A (2018) Combining functional traits, the environment, and multiple surveys to understand semi-arid tree distributions. Journal of Vegetation Science, 29, 967-977. Abstract

Kelly, L.T., Brotons, L., Giljohann, K.M., McCarthy, M.A., Pausas, J.G. & Smith, A.L. (2018) Bridging the divide: integrating animal and plant paradigms to secure the future of biodiversity in fire-prone ecosystems. Fire doi: 10.3390/fire1020029 PDF

Kelly, L.T., Haslem, A., Murphy, B (2018) Managing fire for plant and animal conservation. Austral Ecology doi:10.1111/aec.12604 PDF

Giljohann, K.M., Kelly, L.T., Connell, J., Clarke, M., Clarke, R., Regan, T., McCarthy, M (2018) Assessing the sensitivity of biodiversity indices used to inform fire management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55, 461-471. Abstract

Kelly, L.T., Brotons, L (2017) Using fire to promote biodiversity. Science, 355, 1264-1265. PDF

Kelly, L.T., Haslem, A., Holland, G.J., Leonard, S., MacHunter, J., Bassett, M., Bennett, A.F., Bruce, Chia, E., Christie, F., Clarke, M.,  Di Stefano, J., Loyn, R., McCarthy, M., Pung, A., Robinson, N., Sitters, H., Swan, M., York, A (2017) Fire regimes and environmental gradients shape vertebrate and plant distributions in temperate eucalypt forests. Ecosphere 8, e01781. Full text

Kelly, L.T., Haslem, A., Holland, G.J., Leonard, S., MacHunter, J., Bassett, M., Bennett, A.F., Bruce, Chia, E., Christie, F., Clarke, M.,  Di Stefano, J., Loyn, R., McCarthy, M., Pung, A., Robinson, N., Sitters, H., Swan, M., York, A (2017) Fire regimes and environmental gradients shape bird, mammal and plant distributions in temperate eucalypt forests. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. DOI:10.1002/bes2.1322 Full text

Kelly, L.T., Brotons, L., & McCarthy, M.A (2017) Putting pyrodiversity to work for animal conservation. Conservation Biology, 31, 952-955 PDF

Fardila, D., Kelly, L.T., Moore, J.L., & McCarthy, M.A. (2017) A systematic review reveals changes in where and how we have studied habitat loss and fragmentation over 20 years. Biological Conservation, 212,Part A, 130-138. Abstract 

Giljohann, K.M., McCarthy, M.A., Keith, D.A., Kelly, L.T., Tozer, M.G., Regan, T.J (2017) Interactions between rainfall, fire and herbivory drive resprouter vital rates in a semi-arid ecosystem. Journal of Ecology DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12768 Abstract

Volunteers

We have a plethora of opportunities in 2022 for volunteers to learn new skills and visit amazing places.

Check out the list of projects below and get in touch with each researcher directly for specific details and dates.

• Plant surveys and measurement of ‘fire traits’ as part of a state-wide biodiversity monitoring across Victoria. Contact Kate Senior.
• Live-trapping and movement studies of small mammals and reptiles in mallee landscapes of western New South Wales and South Australia. Contact Julianna Santos.
• Camera trapping, spotlighting and assessment of mammalian habitats in tall forests of central Victoria. Contact Jeremy Johnson.
• Bird surveys in fire-prone heathlands, forests and woodlands across Victoria. Contact Michelle Gibson.

Keep an eye out for additional projects in mid-2022.

Students

There are a range of options for students to start doing research with us at the University of Melbourne including: a Master of Science (Ecosystem Science) (a two-year course which includes coursework and a major research project), a Master of Philosophy (Science) (a two-year course working on a research project) and a Doctor of Philosophy (Science) (a four-year PhD program). A range of scholarships are available from the University.

Early Career Researchers

A range of grants are available for early career researchers at University of Melbourne including McKenzie Postdoctoral Fellowships. The School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences is keen to support applications for Discovery Early Career Researcher Awards (DECRA).

Visitors

Visitors are always welcome. We’re based in Biosciences 1 (Building 123) at Parkville, University of Melbourne. We run a weekly lab meeting on Monday afternoon that we encourage visitors to attend. For longer visits, we can point you to some schemes for visiting fellowships. Please contact Luke Kelly directly if you’re interested in visiting us.